Catechisms and Explanations of the Faith

I. Catechisms and explanations from, or prescribed by, ecclesiastical authority

A. Prescribed for universal use

  1. Catechism of the Catholic Church, 2nd edition, English Translation for the United States of America (United States Catholic Conference, Inc., 1997). Following the 1997 editio typica. May be read online on this page of Saint Charles Borromeo Catholic Church; and at the Holy See. Available in pdf format on this page of the Ukrainian Catholic Archeparchy of Winnipeg.
  2. Catechism of the Catholic Church, Simplified. May be read online on this page of CatholiCity (1996-2021, the Mary Foundation).
  3. Catechism of the Council of Trent for Parish Priests, published by command of Pope Pius the Fifth, translated by Rev. J. Donovan [Dr. Jeremiah Donovan], Professor, &c., Royal College, Maynooth (Dublin: W. Folds and Son; Richard Coyne. London: Keating and Browne, 1829). Available at Google Books and at Google Play Books, with a 2nd copy at Google Play Books, and at Internet Archive . Another printing (Baltimore: Lucas Brothers, 1829) may be read online, and is available in pdf, mobi, epub, and other formats, at Internet Archive. What appears to be another edition (Dublin: James Duffy and Co.,1908) is available at Internet Archive and at Google Books. [NOTE: This translation is characterized as containing textual inaccuracies by Theodore Buckley in the preface to his own translation.] [Also denominated as the Roman Catechism, the Tridentine Catechism, or the Catechism for Curats.]
  4. The Catechism of the Council of Trent, translated into English with notes by Theodore Alois Buckley (London: George Routledge and Co., 1852). May be read online, and available in pdf, mobi, epub, and other formats at Internet Archive and Internet Archive. Available at Google Play Books. [NOTE: This translation was made by a Protestant. It might be more textually accurate than Professor Donovan’s translation; however, readers are counselled to avoid its notes with prayerful caution.] [Also denominated as the Catechism for Parish Priests, the Roman Catechism, the Tridentine Catechism, or the Catechism for Curats.]
  5. Compendium of the Catechism of the Catholic Church (Copyright 2005, Libreria Editrice Vaticana). May be read in multiple languages on the website of the Holy See.
  6. General Catechetical Directory, by the Sacred Congregation for the Clergy (11 April 1971). Available at the Holy See.
  7. General Directory for Catechesis, by the Congregation for the Clergy (11 August 1997). May be read online at the Holy See.

B. Prescribed for sui iuris particular churches and local churches

  1. Abridged Catechism of Christian Doctrine, new edition, specially adapted for use in the parochial schools of the United States, by Rev. Joseph Deharbe, S.J. (New York, Cincinnati, Ohio: F. Pustet & Co., 1901). With Imprimatur. Available in various formats at Internet Archive and Open Library.
  2. Baltimore Catechism, No. 1: or A Catechism of Christian Doctrine Prepared and Enjoined by Order of the Third Plenary Council of Baltimore Questions Numbered to Agree with “Explanation of the Baltimore Catechism” with Prayers and Hymns, No. 1 {For First Communion Classes}. With Imprimatur (1885). Available on Project Gutenberg and ManyBooks in multiple formats. May be downloaded in PDF format through the Saints’ Books index [This version of the Baltimore Catechism is abridged for younger students, according to Wikipedia.] Dogma, Morals.
  3. Baltimore Catechism, No. 2: or A Catechism of Christian Doctrine Prepared and Enjoined by Order of the Third Plenary Council of Baltimore, Questions Numbered to Agree with “Explanation of the Baltimore Catechism” with Prayers and Hymns, No. 2 {For Confirmation Classes}. With Imprimatur (1885). Available on Project Gutenberg and ManyBooks in multiple formats. May be downloaded in PDF format through the Saints’ Books index, [NB: This is the main version of the Baltimore Catechism, according to Wikipedia.].
  4. Baltimore Catechism, No. 3: or A Catechism of Christian Doctrine Prepared and Enjoined by Order of the Third Plenary Council of Baltimore (In Accordance with the New Canon Law), No. 3 (For Two Years’ Course for Post-Confirmation Classes), supplemented by Rev. Thomas L. Kinkead (New York, Boston, Cincinnati, Chicago, San Francisco: Benziger Brothers). With Imprimatur (1885). Available on Project Gutenberg and ManyBooks in multiple formats. May be downloaded in PDF format through the Saints’ Books index [NB: This is the version of the Baltimore Catechism that is expanded for older students, according to Wikipedia]. Dogma, Morals.
  5. Baltimore Catechism, Nos. 1 to 3. Available in PDF format (here) at Catholic Primer (e-text copyright 2005 by Catholic Primer) and at the Boston Catholic Journal.
  6. Baltimore Catechism, No. 4: or An Explanation Of The Baltimore Catechism of Christian Doctrine For The Use of Sunday-School Teachers and Advanced Classes, by Thomas L. Kinkead (1891). With Imprimatur (1891 and 1921). Available on Project Gutenberg and ManyBooks in multiple formats. May be downloaded in PDF format through the Saints’ Books index, May also be read on Catholic Information Network. [NB: This is the version of the Baltimore Catechism that is annotated for teachers/catechists, according to Wikipedia and Catholic Information Network]
  7. A Catechism of the Catholic Religion, new edition, preceded by a short history of religion, translated from the German of the Rev. Joseph Deharbe, S.J., edited by the Right Rev. P. N. Lynch, D.D., Bishop of Charleston (New York: Schwartz, Kirwin & Faus, 1878). With approbation by the Archbishop of New York. Internet Archive and Open Library.
  8. Catechism of St. Pius X. [Probably the unofficial translation of the Catechismo Breve: Prima Parte Compendio della dottrina Cristiana per le classi inferiori prescritto da sua Santita Papa Pio X alle diocesi della provincial di Roma]. May be read online on this page of EWTN Library, and on the on this page of the Catholic Information Network (copyright 1996 by James Akin. All Rights Reserved). The ebook edition from Catholic Primer, entitled Catechism of St. Pope Pius X (ca. 1880), is available in pdf format on this page of Mary Our Help, at Internet Archive, and at Documents.
  9. Catechism of the Diocese of Paris, translated from the French by M.J. Piercy (London, Dublin, Derby: Richardson and Son, 1850). With episcopal approbation. May be read online, and available in various formats (pdf, epub, mobi/kindle, etc.), at Open Library and Internet Archive, with a second copy at Internet Archive. Also available at Google Books.
  10. A Complete Catechism of the Catholic Religion, Preceded by a Short History of Revealed Religion, from the Creation to the Present Time, 6th American edition, with questions for examination, by Rev. Joseph Deharbe, S.J., translated by Rev. John Fander, edited by Rev. James J. Fox, D.D. and Rev. Thomas McMillan, C.S.P. (New York: Schwartz, Kirwin & Fauss, 1912). With Imprimatur. Available in various formats at Internet Archive and Open Library. Another copy, conformed to the Codex Juris Canonici, is available in various formats at Internet Archive and Open Library.
  11. Deharbe’s Large Catechism, by Rev. Joseph Deharbe, S.J., translated by a Father of the Society of Jesus of the Province of Missouri, from the German edition prepared for the United States (New York, Cincinnati, Chicago: Benziger Brothers, 1921). With Imprimatur and approbation from various bishops. Available in various formats at Internet Archive and Open Library.
  12. A Full Catechism of the Catholic Religion, Preceded by a Short History of Revealed Religion, from the Creation to the Present Time, 6th American edition, with questions for examination, by Rev. Joseph Deharbe, S.J., translated by Rev. John Fander, revised, enlarged, and edited by the Right Rev. P.N. Lynch, D.D. (New York: Catholic Publication Society, 1889). With Imprimatur. Available in various formats at Internet Archive. The 11th American edition (1889) is available at Internet Archive.
  13. Großer katholischer Katechismus, mit einem Abrisse der Religionsgeschichte, für sämmtliche Bisthümer Bayerns, von Joseph Deharbe (Regensburg: Friedrich Pustet, 1853). Mit kirchlicher Zustimmung. Im Netz verfügbar unter die Bayerische Staatsbibliothek Digital/ Münchener Digitalisierungszentrum Digitale Bibliothek und Google Books. Die Ausgabe 1858 ist erhältlich unter Google Books.
  14. Katholischer Katechismus, fur die Vereinigten Staaten von Nord-Amerika, von Joseph Deharbe (New York, Cincinnati: Benziger Brothers, 1871). Mit kirchlicher Zustimmung. Im Netz verfügbar unter Internet Archive und Open Library.
  15. Our Faith: A Byzantine Catechism for Adults, by Fr. Casimir Kucharek (Allendale, N.J.; Combermere, Ontario, Canada: Alleluia Press, 1983). Available in PDF, Full Text and Daisy formats at Internet Archive. (Creative Commons license: Public Domain Mark 1.0. The index page states “This is a Ukrainian Catholic Catechism, bearing the imprimatur of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church, one of the Eastern Catholic Churches in union with the Pope of Rome. Not to be confused with the new Ukrainian Catholic Catechism “Christ our Pascha” which is due to be released in Ukrainian in June 2011. Permission to share on Internet given February 12, 2010.”)

II. Other catechisms and explanations of the Faith

  1. Anecdotes and Examples Illustrating the Catholic Catechism, selected and arranged by Rev. Francis Spirago, supplemented, adapted to the Baltimore Catechism, and edited by Rev. James J. Baxter (New York, Cincinnati, Chicago: Benziger Brothers, 1904). Available at the HathiTrust Digital Library; and available in various formats (pdf, epub, mobi/kindle, etc.) at Internet Archive with a second copy at Internet Archive. Also available in pdf format at FishEaters. [N.B., The website FishEaters evinces hostility to the Second Vatican Council that requires correction with the hermeneutic of continuity and reform. Please read other texts on the website with prayerful caution.]
  2. The Beauty and Truth of the Catholic Church: Sermons from the German, adapted and edited, Volume II, by the Rev. Edward Jones, with an Introduction by the Most Rev. John Ireland (St. Louis, London: B. Herder, 1913). With Imprimatur. Available at Internet Archive [N.B., This volume collects discourses on the sacraments of baptism, confirmation, and the Eucharist.]
  3. The Beauty and Truth of the Catholic Church: Sermons from the German, adapted and edited, Volume III, by the Rev. Edward Jones, with an Introduction by the Most Rev. John Ireland (Freiburg (Baden); St. Louis, Mo.; London: B. Herder, 1913). With Imprimatur. Available at Internet Archive and Open Library  [N.B., This volume collects discourses on the sacraments of penance, matrimony, orders, and unction, and on education. The OL index age incorrectly provides the image of Volume II.]
  4. The Beauty and Truth of the Catholic Church: Sermons from the German, adapted and edited, Volume IV, by the Rev. Edward Jones, with an Introduction by the Most Rev. John Ireland (St. Louis, Mo.; London: B. Herder, 1916). With Imprimatur. Available at Internet Archive [N.B., This volume collects discourses on God, Christ, and grace.]
  5. The Beauty and Truth of the Catholic Church: Sermons from the German, adapted and edited, Volume V, by the Rev. Edward Jones, with an Introduction by the Most Rev. John Ireland (St. Louis, Mo.; London: B. Herder, 1916). With Imprimatur. Available at Internet Archive [N.B. This volume includes discourses on the moral law and the last things.]
  6. The Belief of Catholics, 2nd edition, by Ronald Knox. With Imprimatur. Available at EWTN Library.
  7. Biblical Treasury of the Catechism, 3rd edition, compiled and arranged by the Rev. Thomas E. Cox (New York: William H. Young & Company, 1900). With Imprimatur. May be read online, and available in various formats (pdf, epub, mobi/kindle, etc.), at Internet Archive and Open Library, with a second copy at Internet Archive and Open Library, and a third copy at Internet Archive and Open Library. Also available at Forgotten Books (with some pages accessible only to members).
  8. Catechism: doctrinal, moral, historical, and liturgical: with answers to the objections drawn from the sciences against religion, by Patrick Power (Dublin: J. Duffy; London: Burns and Oates, 1905). With episcopal approbation. Available at Internet Archive and Open Library (Digitizing sponsor: MSN, Book contributor: Kelly Library, University of Toronto).
  9. The Catechism Explained: An Exhaustive Exposition of the Christian Religion, with Special Reference to the Present State of Society and the Spirit of the Age: A Practical Manual for the Use of the Preacher, the Catechist, the Teacher, and the Family; Made Attractive and Interesting by Illustrations, Comparisons, and Quotations from the Scriptures, the Fathers, and other Writers, from the original of Rev. Francis Spirago, edited by Rev. Richard F. Clarke, S.J. (New York, Cincinnati, Chicago: Benziger Brothers, 1899). May be read online, and available in multiple formats (pdf, epub, kindle/mobi, txt, Daisy, and djvu) at Internet Archive and Open Library. Another edition (New York, Cincinnati, Chicago: Benziger Brothers), with 1921 Imprimatur, is available at Internet Archive and Open Library. The 8th edition is available at Internet Archive and Open Library, but with some pages missing from the Preface. The Bellarmine Forum edition, edited by Dr. John B. Manos, Esq., may be read online at the Bellarmine Forum, with the Table of Contents on this page. [N.B., The Bellarmine Forum manifests hostility to the Second Vatican Council that requires correction with the hermeneutic of continuity. Please read other texts on this website with prayerful caution.]
  10. Catechism made easy, a familiar explanation of the Catechism of Christian doctrine, Volume 1, by Henry Gibson (Liverpool: Rockliff Brothers, 1865). With Imprimatur. Available at Internet Archive. The 2nd edition (Liverpool: Rockliff Brothers; London: Burns and Oates, 1882) with Imprimatur is available at Internet Archive. (Digitizing sponsor: Google, Book from the collections of: Oxford University.
  11. Catechism made easy, a familiar explanation of the Catechism of Christian doctrine, Volume 2, by Henry Gibson (Liverpool: Rockliff Brothers; London: R. Washbourne, 1874). With Imprimatur. Available at Internet Archive.
  12. Catechism made easy, a familiar explanation of the Catechism of Christian doctrine, Volume 3, by Henry Gibson (Liverpool: Rockliff Brothers; London: R. Washbourne, 1877). With Imprimatur. Available at Internet Archive. (Digitizing sponsor: Google, Book from the collections of: Oxford University).
  13. A Catechism of Christian Doctrine [or the “Penny Catechism”]. Available at Pro Ecclesia et Pontifice and Pro Ecclesia et Pontifice (2nd copy). The text with a 1971 Imprimatur is available at Catholic Treasury, which notes here: “Developed and copied on software with permission of the CMD Apostolate for the purpose of sharing the Catholic Faith. January 6, 1993 NOT FOR COMMERCIAL USE. Prepared by Rev. Walter M. Ciesla”.
  14. The catechism of Rodez explained in form of sermons; a work equally useful to the clergy, religious communities, and faithful, by Abbé Luche, curé of Montbazens, John Thein (St Louis, Mo.: B. Herder, 1898). With the episcopal recommendation of Bishop of Cleveland and the approbation of the Bishop of Rodez. Available on Open Library and  Internet Archive.
  15. Catholic Belief; or, A Short and Simple Exposition of Catholic Doctrine, 5th edition, by Very Rev. Joseph Faà di Bruno, 1815-1889 (London, Burns and Oates; New York: Catholic Publication Society, 1884). With the approbation of Cardinal Manning, Archbishop of Westminster. May be read online and available in epub, pdf, mobi, and other formats at Internet Archive. The 2nd edition (London, Burns and Oates, 1878) with Imprimatur is available at Internet Archive with a 2nd copy at Internet Archive.
  16. Catholic Common Sense, by Albert Power (Dublin: Catholic Truth Society of Ireland, 1947). Available on Lux Occulta (copyright status uncertain).
  17. Catholic religion ; a statement of Christian teaching and history Charles Alfred Martin (St. Louis, Mo.: B. Herder, 1919). With imprimatur. Available at Open Library.and Internet Archive (Digitizing sponsor: MSN, Book contributor: Regis Library University of Toronto).
  18. Christ in the Church; a volume of religious essays, Robert Hugh Benson (St. Louis, Mo., B. Herder, 1911). With Imprimatur. Available at Open Library and Internet Archive (Digitizing sponsor: University of Toronto, Book contributor: PIMS – University of Toronto)
  19. Christian Doctrine, by Laurence Vaux, B.D. (Reprinted from an edition of 1583). Available at Catholic Apologetics Information  [NB: Catholic Apologetics Information, while it contains much that is extremely valuable, has an extremely negative view of the Second Vatican Council. It is not sedevacantist, but its view must be corrected in light of Pope Benedict XVI’s hermeneutics of continuity.]
  20. The Commandments Explained, according to the teaching and doctrine of the Catholic Church, by Arthur Devine (London: R. & T. Washbourne; New York: Benziger, 1906). With Imprimatur. Available on Open Library and Internet Archive (Digitizing sponsor: MSN; Book contributor: Kelly Library, University of Toronto).
  21. The Creed Explained: or, An Exposition of Catholic Doctrine According to the Creeds of Faith and the Constitutions and Definitions of the Church, by Arthur Devine (London: R. T. Washbourne, 1903). With Imprimatur. Available on Open Library and Internet Archive (Digitizing sponsor: MSN; Book contributor: Kelly Library, University of Toronto)
  22. The Divinity of Christ, by Joseph Rickaby, S.J.  (London, Edinburgh: Sands & Company; St. Louis, Mo.: B. Herder, 1906). With Imprimatur. Part of the Westminster Lectures (Second Series), edited by the Rev. Francis Aveling. Available in various formats at Open Library and Internet Archive.). May be read in multiple languages on the website of the Holy See.
  23. Demonstration of Apostolic Preaching, by St. Irenaeus of Lyons. Available on Documenta Catholica Omnia.
  24. Doctrina Christiana: The First Book Printed in the Philippines. Manila, 1593. A Facsimile of the Copy in the Lessing J. Rosenwald Collection. Library of Congress, Washington, With an Introductory Essay by Edwin Wolf 2nd (1947). Available at ManyBooks.net and Project Gutenberg. [Original title: Doctrina Christiana, en lengua española y tagala, cor regida por los Religiosos de las ordenes Impressa con licencia, en S. gabriel. de la orden de. S. Domigo En Manila. 1593, translated by Wikipedia as Christian Doctrine in Spanish and Tagalog Language, with correct rules for the Religious Order. Printed with License in Saint Gabriel of the Holy Dominican Order. In Manila, 1593. Attributed to Juan De Plasencia, O.F.M.].
  25. A Dogmatic Catechism, from the Italian of [Giuseppe] Frassinetti, revised and edited by the Oblate Fathers of St. Charles, with a Preface by the Archbishop of Westminster [Henry Edward Manning] (London: R. Washbourne, 1872). [N.B., The text appears to have been translated from the 6th Italian edition.] May be read online, and available in various formats (pdf, epub, mobi/kindle, etc.), at Internet Archive and Open Library. Also available at Hathi Trust Digital Library and Google Books (though the latter appears to require logging in).
  26. Epiphany: a Theological Introduction to Catholicism, by Aidan Nichols O.P. (1996). May be read online at Christendom Awake. (The webpage states: “Copyright ©; 1996 by The Order of St. Benedict, Inc., Collegeville, Minnesota. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, or any retrieval system, without the written permission of The Liturgical Press, Collegeville, Minnesota 56321”)
  27. The Essentials of Spiritual Unity, by Ronald Knox. Available at Catholic Answers (last visited December 8, 2009).
  28. Familiar Explanation of Christian Doctrine, by Rev. Michael Müller, C.SS.R. (Adapted for the Family and More Advanced Students in Catholic Schools and Colleges. with the Approbation of the Sacred Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith) No. III. (New York: Benziger Brothers, 1876). With Imrimatur. May be read on Catholic Apologetics Information. [NB: Catholic Apologetics Information, while it contains much that is extremely valuable, has an extremely negative view of the Second Vatican Council. It is not sedevacantist, but its view must be corrected in light of Pope Benedict XVI’s hermeneutics of continuity.]
  29. The Four Last Things: Death, Judgment, Hell and Heaven, by Father Martin von Cochem, O.S.F.C. ([New York]: Benziger Brothers, 1899). With Imprimatur. Available at Catholic Tradition. [NB: Please approach other materials on the website with caution, as some have an extremely negative view of the Second Vatican Council, which must be corrected in light of Pope Benedict XVI’s hermeneutic of continuity.]
  30. Guide to a Catholic Church: for non-Catholic visitors; in which the meaning of various objects of devotion is simply explained, and a short exposition given of the main points of Catholic belief, with the prayers of the chief services in Latin and English, by Fox, W. L., O’Gorman, R. A (London : R. & T. Washbourne ; New York : Benziger Bros, 1904). With Imprimatur. Available at Open Library and Internet Archive (Digitizing sponsor: MSN, Book contributor: Regis College Library, University of Toronto).
  31. Handbook of the Christian Religion, for the Use of Advanced Students and the Educated Laity, by Rev. W. [Wilhelm] Wilmers [1817-1899]; from the German, edited by Rev. James Conway, S.J. [1849-1905] Publication date, 3rd edition, enlarged by a supplement (New York, Cincinnati, Chicago: Benziger Brothers, 1891). With Imprimatur. May be read online, and is available in pdf, mobi, epub, and other formats, at Internet Archive (whose index page has a complete Table of Contents) with a second copy at Internet Archive. What might be an earlier edition is available at Internet Archive. Also available at Google Books, with a 2nd copy at Google Books, and at Google Play Books, with a 2nd copy at Google Play Books.
  32. I’m Glad You Asked: Questions from the parishioners of St. Charles Borromeo Catholic Church, Picayune, Mississippi [N.B. This 127-page booklet compiles a wide range of questions and answers on the Catholic Faith, which appears useful for religious teaching, evangelization and apologetics.] Available at the the website of the Saint Charles Borromeo Catholic Church.
  33. The Incarnation, Birth, and Infancy of Jesus Christ, or, The Mysteries of the Faith, by Saint Alfonso Maria de’ Liguori [St. Alphonsus Maria de Liguori], ed. Eugene Grimm (New York, Cincinnati, and Chicago: Benziger Brothers, 1886). With Approbation from the Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer. Available on Internet Archive and Open Library (Digitizing sponsor: MSN; Book contributor: Kelly Library, University of Toronto). May be downloaded in PDF format through the Saints’ Books index,
  34. Man’s Call to Grace and Glory, by William Moran (Dublin: Catholic Truth Society of Ireland, 1946). Available on Lux Occulta.
  35. Moral Briefs: a Concise, Reasoned and Popular Exposition of Catholic Morals, by John H. Stapleton (New York, Cincinnati, Chicago: Benziger Brothers, 1904). With Imprimatur. Available in various formats at Open Library and Internet Archive.
  36. My Catholic Faith: A Manual Of Religion, by the Most Reverend Louis Laravoire Morrow, S.T.D., Bishop of Krishnagar, with a brief Introduction by Bishop Fulton Sheen (Kenosha, Wisconsin: My Mission House, 1949). [Link deleted due to copyright concerns. Advice on the work’s copyright status would be most appreciated.]
  37. A Rule of Life: For Daily Christian Living, by Michael Woodgate. May be downloaded in PDF format through the Catholic Truth Society, which states that it provides “Suggestions on how to live a Christian life amidst the business of every day”.
  38. The Sight of Hell, by Rev. John Furniss, C.SS.R. (Dublin: James Duffy and Co., Limited, 1874). Books for Children and Young Persons, Book X. With the permission of superiors. Available at Open Library and Internet Archive.
  39. Spirago’s Method of Christian Doctrine; a Manual for Priests, Teachers, and Parents, by Franz Spirago, edited by Archbishop Sebastian Gebhard Messmer (New York, Cincinnati, Chicago: Benziger Brothers, 1901). With Imprimatur. Available on Internet Archive and Open Library, with a second copy at Open Library and Internet Archive, and another copy at Open Library.
  40. The Spirit of Catholicism, by Karl Adam. Dogma, Grace, Salvation, Church. Available at EWTN Library. [NB: This book is highly recommended by Dave Armstrong and Scott Hahn. Having read it repeatedly myself, I heartily agree with their approbation.]
  41. Theotokos: or, The Divine Maternity, by John Stewart M’Corry, D.D.  (London: Burns and Oates, 1874). With Imprimatur. Available in various formats at Internet Archive and Open Library.
  42. The threshold of the Catholic Church: a course of plain instructions for those entering her communion, by John B Bagshawe (New York : Catholic Publication Society, 1872). With Imprimatur. Available at Open Library and Internet Archive (Digitizing sponsor: MSN, Book contributor: Kelly – University of Toronto (copyright status uncertain).
  43. What is the Catholic Church?, by Fr Stephen Wang. May be downloaded in PDF format through the Catholic Truth Society, which states that it provides “An introduction to the world’s oldest institution founded by Jesus Christ”.

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